Genetic Mutation Explains How Some People Thrive on Less Sleep

Scientists have identified a remarkable genetic mutation that allows certain individuals to thrive on significantly less sleep without experiencing the usual negative health effects. This discovery centers on a mutation in the SIK3 gene, which encodes a protein kinase involved in metabolism and sleep regulation.

The study, conducted by researchers in China and published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, focused on a 70-year-old woman who naturally slept only about six hours per night yet remained healthy and alert. Genetic analysis revealed a specific mutation called N783Y in her SIK3 gene.

To validate their findings, the scientists engineered mice carrying the same mutation. These mice also exhibited shorter sleep durations compared to normal mice, confirming the mutation’s role in sleep regulation. The mutation appears to inhibit SIK3’s ability to transfer molecules to proteins critical for neuron connections, affecting sleep duration.

Natural short sleepers like this woman represent about 1% of the population. Unlike the majority who require seven to nine hours of sleep for optimal health, these individuals can function well on four to six hours. Previous research has linked mutations in other genes such as DEC2 and ADRB1 to similar sleep patterns.

The broader significance of this discovery lies in its potential to inform new therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders. By understanding the genetic mechanisms that enable efficient sleep, researchers can identify new drug targets to help millions suffering from insomnia and other sleep-related conditions.

Furthermore, the study highlights the conserved function of protein kinases like SIK3 across species, emphasizing their critical role in sleep regulation. This cross-species insight strengthens the foundation for translational research that bridges animal models and human health.

As sleep disorders continue to affect a significant portion of the global population, breakthroughs like this offer hope for more effective, genetically informed treatments. The ability to modulate sleep duration safely could revolutionize healthcare and improve quality of life worldwide.