Saving the Last Wild Axolotls in Xochimilco

The axolotl, a symbol of Mexico, faces extinction in its natural habitat. Researchers at UNAM are using DNA analysis to assess and conserve the remaining population in Xochimilco. This initiative aims to reverse the decline and preserve the species' ecological and cultural significance.

The axolotl, a fascinating creature deeply rooted in Aztec mythology and a national symbol of Mexico, is facing an alarming decline in its natural habitat. Once thriving in the Xochimilco district of Mexico City, the axolotl population has plummeted from 6,000 per square kilometer in 1998 to a mere 36 individuals recorded in 2014. This decline highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts to prevent the extinction of this unique species.

Researchers from the Ecological Restoration Laboratory at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) are spearheading a new survey to assess the current status of the axolotl population. Utilizing both traditional fishing techniques and cutting-edge environmental DNA analysis, the team aims to gather concrete evidence of the axolotls' presence in Xochimilco. This innovative approach allows scientists to detect traces of DNA shed by the axolotls into their environment, offering a glimmer of hope in the search for these elusive creatures.

Xochimilco, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a remnant of the ancient Aztec canal system. Despite its historical significance, the area faces ecological challenges due to urbanization, pollution, and the introduction of invasive species like carp and tilapia. These factors have contributed to the axolotl's decline by preying on their eggs and juveniles, competing for food, and degrading water quality.

The research team, led by Luis Zambrano, is not only focused on counting the remaining axolotls but also on raising public awareness and combating misinformation about the species. By understanding the current population dynamics, they plan to implement conservation strategies, including the release of reared axolotls back into the wild. This effort is crucial for maintaining the genetic diversity and resilience of the species.

The axolotl's extraordinary regenerative abilities have made it a subject of scientific interest, with potential applications in regenerative medicine and aging research. However, the wild population's survival is critical to preserving its ecological role and cultural significance.

As the survey continues, the researchers remain hopeful that their efforts will lead to a brighter future for the axolotl. The final results of this census are expected in the first half of 2025, with plans for a follow-up count in 2026. Through these initiatives, the team aims to ensure that the axolotl remains a living symbol of Mexico's rich biodiversity and cultural heritage.