Affordable Connectivity Program Ended Leaving Millions Offline

The Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP) was a lifeline for 23 million Americans struggling to afford internet access during the pandemic. By providing a monthly subsidy of $30 (or $75 for Tribal lands), it helped low-income households stay connected to essential services, education, and loved ones. However, when the program ran out of funding in mid-2023, millions faced the harsh reality of losing their internet connection.

For many, the internet is as vital as utilities like water or electricity. Dorothy Burrell, a digital advocate from Kansas City, described how losing the ACP subsidy meant sacrificing communication with family and access to health services, especially challenging given her lupus condition. Similarly, retired administrative assistant Phyllis Jackson called her computer her "best friend," highlighting the isolation that comes without reliable internet.

The consequences of the ACP’s end are stark: surveys show that nearly 40% of former enrollees reduced spending on food, 41% cut back on essentials like clothing and healthcare, and 18% reported their children struggling with homework. Most strikingly, 64% said they lost regular contact with family and friends, underscoring the social isolation caused by unaffordable internet.

Despite the program’s success, with studies showing a nearly 2-to-1 return on investment and $30 billion saved annually through telehealth access, the ACP was a one-time federal appropriation. The overwhelming demand exceeded expectations, and once funds depleted, millions lost their subsidies. Internet service providers reported significant subscriber losses, and many former ACP users reverted to less reliable methods like phone hotspots or public Wi-Fi.

While some states and cities have introduced their own low-income internet subsidies and providers offer discounted plans, these alternatives often come with limitations such as higher costs, eligibility restrictions, and inconsistent service quality. Experts warn that a patchwork approach lacks the scale and reliability of a unified federal program.

The digital divide remains a pressing issue, especially for marginalized communities. The ACP included significant participation from Black, Latino, senior, and military households. The loss of trust and momentum after the program’s abrupt end poses challenges for future enrollment efforts. Advocates emphasize the need for sustained, nationwide affordability programs to ensure consistent internet access for all.

In the meantime, low-income families can explore options such as the Lifeline program, state and local subsidies, and discounted plans from providers like Comcast, Spectrum, and Verizon. However, none fully replace the ACP’s impact, leaving millions vulnerable to disconnection.

The story of the ACP is a powerful reminder that affordability is as critical as infrastructure in closing the broadband divide. Without accessible pricing, millions remain offline, isolated, and disadvantaged. As policymakers and communities grapple with solutions, the lessons from the ACP highlight the urgent need for sustainable, inclusive connectivity programs.